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<title>Re: [GHG Network] CO2 emissions calculator for air travel</title>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Rick,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Thanks for your comments. My comments to your comments:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>(3) - </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Calculate total CO2 emissions for the flight – You are
right - No one can account for individual real-life particular flights unless
they have monitoring equipment on that flight. Averages and interpolation are
the best anyone can do.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>(4) - Allocate emissions between cargo and passengers – The
flight will take off as long as there are enough passengers and/or enough other
revenue being generated, such as paid cargo. So cargo does add to the extra,
optional weight of the flight and we tried to account for it. It’s as “fair”
as allocating different emissions per cabin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>(5) - Allocate emissions per cabin – Thanks for the “Sweet”
comment!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>(6) - Adjust for passenger load factors – You are correct
that these other factors all affect occupancy, as well as the carrier factor.
However, info at the carrier level is the only publicly available info that
addresses occupancy. One of the nice aspects of our model is that we can
accommodate new, more accurate info. If you or anyone else has access to
better info, please let me know! I’d be happy to evaluate it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>(7) - Adjust for RFI (optional) – Your RF factor may be
better, but it’s hard to know for sure. Your exempting short flights may
be a good idea as well. There is still a lot of scientific uncertainty about
this issue. I was thinking of making the RF factor user-customizable but didn’t
want to further complicate the web site. Most users have no idea of the
complexity of the issue. But, it’s still on the drawing board as a
possibility.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>You can now view a full description of our model at <a
href="http://carbon.trx.com"><span style='color:#1F497D'>http://carbon.trx.com</span></a>
Click on the new “Documentation and Sample Report” link. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I appreciate your comments. You seem to be in the nitty-gritty
details as much as I am!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Thomas K. Tomosky, Ph.D.</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Application Manager, Travel Analytics</span><span
style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>TRX<br>
2175 Princeton Road</span><span style='font-size:7.5pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>New Castle, PA 16101 USA<br>
<a
href="outbind://25-00000000EF3469787771D511AE2200508BC9E1260700AFAEC7F33CBBD411AE1300508BC9E12600000126423E0000F66965CFA3FB824D837B89B38F04EEF7000000B8F4C80000/www.trx.com"
title="outbind://25-00000000EF3469787771D511AE2200508BC9E1260700AFAEC7F33CBBD411AE1300508BC9E12600000126423E0000F66965CFA3FB824D837B89B38F04EEF7000000B8F4C80000/www.trx.com"><span
style='color:black'>www.trx.com</span></a><br>
<br>
email: <a href="mailto:thomas.tomosky@trx.com"
title="mailto:scott.gillespie@trx.com">thomas.tomosky@trx.com</a><br>
office: 724-924-6070</span><span style='font-size:7.5pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>fax: 724-924-2867<br>
<br>
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style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
discuss-bounces@ghgnetwork.org [mailto:discuss-bounces@ghgnetwork.org] <b>On
Behalf Of </b>Rick Heede<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, December 05, 2007 2:36 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Thomas Tomosky; discuss@ghgnetwork.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [GHG Network] CO2 emissions calculator for air travel<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Dear Thomas:<br>
<br>
There is often a trade-off between accuracy and user-friendliness with such
calculators, but I appreciate your intent.<br>
<br>
Comments:<br>
<br>
In (3) Nice try, and works well enough on average, but ignores (for any
particular flight) winds aloft, diversions, holds, taxi delays, and seasonal
variables.<br>
<br>
In (4) Good. Although I do wonder if it’s “fair” to allocate
emissions on the basis of passenger weight plus baggage vs cargo. The aircraft
and its flight exist chiefly for passenger air travel, a lot of aircraft weight
is carried around for their comfort and safety (water, food (when it exists),
toilets, stewards, seats, entertainment system, air circulation and other
equipment, etc.).<br>
<br>
In (5): Sweet.<br>
<br>
In (6) I would think other categories have similar variable occupancy: day vs
night flights, for example, or aircraft size, or nation of registry. Why
operator?<br>
<br>
In (7): we (Climate Mitigation Services for City of Aspen Green Tags air travel
calculator: www.aspenzgreen.com/offsets_calculator_air_calculated.cfm ) also
included an optional RF multiplier, found the oft-used 2 to 2.5 x as out of
sync with the more recent scientific assessment, and use RF of 1.89 times fuel
emissions. But we exempt all flights shorter than 200 statute miles on the
basis that RF relates to flights at higher altitudes than such short flights
typically operate.<br>
<br>
Overall: How many passengers actually know what aircraft type they flew on? Who
is your user audience? If the general public, then you might be assuming too
much in some cases.<br>
<br>
I would like to review the full description, thanks. All the best, -Rick-=<br>
<br>
PS: I am currently working on a private and business aircraft fuel and
emissions calculator.<br>
</span><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>****************@*******************<br>
Richard Heede <heede@climatemitigation.com><br>
Climate Mitigation Services<br>
1626 Gateway Road<br>
Snowmass, CO 81654-9214 USA<br>
1-970-927-9511 office<br>
1-970-343-0707 mobile<br>
<br>
<°){{{{>< <°){><
<°){{{{>< <br>
</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><br>
<br>
On 12/3/07 5:56 PM, "Thomas Tomosky" <Thomas.Tomosky@trx.com>
wrote:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Greetings.
I am new to the Greenhouse Gas Experts Network, and would like to
introduce myself and the project I am working on. <br>
<br>
My name is Dr. Thomas Tomosky and I am the Application Manager in the Travel
Analytics group at TRX. One of the projects I am working on is a CO2
emissions calculator for air travel. We attempted to build this
calculator in as detailed and accurate manner as possible. We decided to
make the calculator and the underlying calculations transparent, so that
interested parties can examine the details. The calculator has been
externally verified by ICF International, a leading energy and environmental
consulting firm. You can view the basic calculator at <a
href="http://carbon.trx.com.">http://carbon.trx.com.</a>
<br>
<br>
What follows is a very brief description of our basic Leg Level CO2 emissions
calculator. The full description is available upon request. There
are 8 major steps, the last 2 steps being optional. They are:<br>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start=1 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Gather
airline schedule data – city pair, number of miles, operating
carrier, aircraft, and number of seats. We use schedule and fleet
information from OAG Back Aviation Solutions. </span><o:p></o:p></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Determine
fuel burn rates for aircraft and distance. We obtain fuel burn rate
information from the 2006 version of the EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory
Guidebook. This data includes both LTO and cruise fuel burn rates. </span><o:p></o:p></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Calculate
total CO2 emissions for the flight. We use interpolation methods to
accurately determine the amount of fuel burned, and CO2 emitted, for a
particular aircraft for a particular flight. </span><o:p></o:p></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Allocate
emissions between cargo and passengers. From the US DOT, Bureau of
Transportation Statistics, we determine the amount of cargo (freight and
mail) that scheduled passenger flights transport. Based on weight
percentages, we allocate the CO2 emissions between cargo and passengers.
</span><o:p></o:p></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Allocate
emissions per cabin. Based on passenger seat pitch and width data
obtained from www.SeatGuru.com <a href="http://www.SeatGuru.com"><http://www.SeatGuru.com></a>
, we can determine the amount of “real estate” taken up by a
passenger’s seat in each cabin. The greater the real estate,
the greater the emissions allocated to a seat in that cabin. </span><o:p></o:p></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Adjust
for passenger load factors. Typically, airline flights are not 100%
full, so we adjust emissions for the average number of passengers for that
carrier. </span><o:p></o:p></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Adjust
for RFI (optional). We allow web users to adjust for the Radiative
forcing Index or not, depending on their particular needs. </span><o:p></o:p></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Calculate
cost of CO2 emissions (optional). Since the cost of CO2 emissions is
highly variable, we provide web users with information on the various
emission offset options and trading markets and give them the ability to
adjust the cost per metric ton of CO2 to suit their needs. </span><o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>For our corporate clients, we go a few
steps further than the basic Leg Level calculator on the web. In our
Enterprise Level calculator, we take a client’s air travel footprint for
a period of time, normally a calendar year, and analyze it in detail. We
quantify the amount of CO2 emissions, and we compare those emissions with the
emissions resulting from the use of the “greenest” carrier for each
city pair and to an “average” corporate travel footprint. We
recommend and quantify ways of reducing CO2 emissions by reducing travel,
booking the greenest carriers, and eliminating unnecessary connections.
For client trips that are not on scheduled non-stop flights, we employ a
proprietary algorithm which builds reasonable connections between city pairs. This
is important since connections can use different equipment, have different fuel
burn rates, number of seats, and so on.<br>
<br>
If you have comments on our model, or are interested in learning more, please
contact me or our VP and General Manager, Scott Gillespie. We are
especially interested in new data sources which can further improve the
accuracy of our model. I can be contacted at thomas.tomosky@trx.com or at
724-924-6070. Scott can be contacted at scott.gillespie@trx.com or at
440-248-4111. <br>
<br>
Thank you.<br>
<br>
Tom<br>
<br>
<br>
</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Thomas
K. Tomosky, Ph.D.<br>
Application Manager, Travel Analytics<br>
TRX<br>
2175 Princeton Road<br>
New Castle, PA 16101 USA<br>
www.trx.com
<outbind://25-00000000EF3469787771D511AE2200508BC9E1260700AFAEC7F33CBBD411AE1300508BC9E12600000126423E0000F66965CFA3FB824D837B89B38F04EEF7000000B8F4C80000/www.trx.com>
<br>
<br>
email: <span style='color:blue'>thomas.tomosky@trx.com</span> <a
href="mailto:thomas.tomosky@trx.com"><mailto:thomas.tomosky@trx.com></a> <br>
office: 724-924-6070<br>
fax: 724-924-2867<br>
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</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>****************@*******************<br>
Richard Heede <heede@climatemitigation.com><br>
Climate Mitigation Services<br>
1626 Gateway Road<br>
Snowmass, CO 81654-9214 USA<br>
1-970-927-9511 office<br>
1-970-343-0707 mobile<br>
<br>
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